[82][j] Genetic research and anthropology indicate additional waves of migration from Asia via the Bering Strait during the Early-Middle Holocene.[84][85][86]. Please select which sections you would like to print: Professor of Geography, University of Edinburgh, 1954–82. Geologically, Canada is one of the oldest regions in the world, with more than half of the region consisting of Precambrian rocks that have been above sea level since the beginning of the Palaeozoic era. CARICOM also allowed for the creation of a common passport for associated nations. The first recorded Europeans to visit North America (other than Greenland) were the Norse around 1000 AD. The descendants of these peoples, the various Native American and Eskimo (Inuit) groups, largely have been supplanted by peoples from the Old World. An expedition under the command of Spanish settler, Hernán Cortés, sailed westward in 1519 to what turned out to be the mainland in Mexico. Gerardus Mercator on his map called North America "America or New India" (America sive India Nova). Curling is an important winter sport in Canada, and the Winter Olympics includes it in the roster. The name America is derived from that of the Italian merchant and navigator Amerigo Vespucci, one of the earliest European explorers to visit the New World. Next in size are Los Angeles, Toronto,[132] Chicago, Havana, Santo Domingo, and Montreal. For discussion of individual countries of the continent, see the articles Canada, Mexico, and United States of America. 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Although it is home to less than 10 percent of the world’s population, its per capita consumption of energy is almost four times as great as the world average. The Americas are usually accepted as having been named after the Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci by the German cartographers Martin Waldseemüller and Matthias Ringmann. [89] The site, situated at the northernmost extent of the island named Newfoundland, has provided unmistakable evidence of Norse settlement. North America was reached by its first human populations during the Last Glacial Period, via crossing the Bering land bridge approximately 20,000 to 17,000 years ago. Tree and plant cover has deteriorated considerably in some areas, while advancing in other areas that previously burned or used to be frozen. [165] Northern Mexico, the Western U.S. and Alberta, Canada share a cowboy culture. Those portions that widened out north of the Isthmus of Panama became known as North America, and those that broadened to the south became known as South America. [98] Additionally, despite Greenland's vast resources in oil and minerals, much of them remain untapped, and the island is economically dependent on fishing, tourism, and subsidies from Denmark. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. However, the total length of the portion from Mexico to the northern extremity of the highway is roughly 26,000 km (16,000 mi). From the Late Paleozoic to Early Mesozoic eras, North America was joined with the other modern-day continents as part of the supercontinent Pangaea, with Eurasia to its east. Die typische Vegetation Alaskas ist der Nadelwald der Taiga (Fichten, Kiefern, Lärchen und Tannen). Cities in the Sun Belt regions of the U.S., such as those in Southern California and Houston, Phoenix, Miami, Atlanta, and Las Vegas, are experiencing rapid growth. Land In 1803 Napoleon Bonaparte sold France's remaining claims in North America, west of the Mississippi River, to the U.S., in a deal named the Louisiana Purchase. EVI I Nordamerika finns prärien, [1] stora stäppområden i centrala USA och västra Kanada som utgör en västlig avslutning på Stora slätterna innan Klippiga bergen tar vid. Fertile soils from weathered volcanic lavas have made it possible to sustain dense populations in agriculturally productive highland areas. [140], North America's GDP per capita was evaluated in October 2016 by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to be $41,830, making it the richest continent in the world,[143] followed by Oceania. The soil in this vegetation is very salty and extremely unsuitable for plant growth. The following table shows the most prominent sports leagues in North America, in order of average revenue. Much of the area was in fact dominated by indigenous peoples, which did not recognize the claims of Spain, France, or the U.S. Russia sold its North American claims, which included Alaska, to the U.S in 1867. A collection of North America Maps; North America countries political map . The western mountains are split in the middle into the main range of the Rockies and the coast ranges in California, Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia, with the Great Basin—a lower area containing smaller ranges and low-lying deserts—in between. Biomass burning was associated with moisture and vegetation more than with . Danish is prevalent in Greenland alongside Greenlandic, and Dutch is spoken side by side local languages in the Dutch Caribbean. Latin America refers to the other areas of the Americas (generally south of the U.S.) where the Romance languages, derived from Latin, of Spanish and Portuguese, (but French-speaking countries are not usually included) predominate: the other republics of Central America (but not always Belize), part of the Caribbean (not the Dutch-, English-, or French-speaking areas), Mexico, and most of South America (except Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana [France], and the Falkland Islands [UK]). 1957. Its geologic structure is built around a stable platform of Precambrian rock called the Canadian (Laurentian) Shield. Climate west of the Cascade Range is described as being temperate weather with average precipitation 20 inches (510 millimeters). [125] The majority of Caribbean island-nations have national populations under a million, though Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto Rico (a territory of the U.S.), Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago each have populations higher than a million. The Pan-American Highway route in the Americas is the portion of a network of roads nearly 48,000 km (30,000 mi) in length which travels through the mainland nations. Image of the Day Die Vegetation ist die Pflanzenwelt, die in einem bestimmten Gebiet wächst. One of the oldest yet discovered is the Clovis culture (c. 9550–9050 BCE) in modern New Mexico. Large diamond concentrations have been recently developed in the Arctic,[66] making Canada one of the world's largest producers. The vast majority of North America is on the North American Plate. [144] The U.S. economy is also the fastest growing economy in North America and the Americas as a whole,[146][143] with the highest GDP per capita in the Americas as well. Others include the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the Gulf of California. These regions also contain many subregions. ranges from 0, indicating no vegetation, to nearly 1, indicating densest vegetation. trade relations already allowed trade without national taxes and tariffs,[154] NAFTA allowed Mexico to experience a similar duty-free trade. The first transcontinental railroad in the U.S. was built in the 1860s, linking the railroad network of the eastern U.S. with California on the Pacific coast. Present-day cultural and ethnic patterns reflect interactions between European colonists, indigenous peoples, African slaves, immigrants from Europe, Asia, and the descendants of these groups. This has been formally defined by the UN Statistics Division.[18]. In January, there is very little vegetation, likely the result of farmers plowing the fields For discussion of the indigenous peoples of the continent, see the articles Native American and pre-Columbian civilizations. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. [145] The U.S.'s services sector comprises 77% of the country's GDP (estimated in 2010), industry comprises 22% and agriculture comprises 1.2%. Mano change in dominant vegetative structure from garan used this same water budget approach to grass through savanna to forest. For further discussion of arts and literature, see the articles American literature, Native American arts, Canadian literature, and Latin American literature. Vegetationen Wie die Tierwelt wurde auch die Vegetation des nordamerikanischen Kontinents durch den Einfluss der Menschen stark verändert. Vegetation, the particular plant species in a region and their arrangement, is a part of the natural world that humans learn to recognize at an early age. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The partners agree to cooperate to the greatest extent possible, as resources allow, in the further development . Drought can result in reduced growth rates, increased stress on vegetation, and alterations or transformations to the plant community and/or the entire ecosystem. Latino culture is strong in the southwest of the U.S., as well as Florida, which draws Latin Americans from many countries in the hemisphere. [63] Much of the Mesozoic Era is represented by exposed outcrops in the many arid regions of the continent. Hagler, Yoav (2009). So gibt es die Küstenebenen am Atlantik, den Gebirgszug der Appalachen, die nordamerikanischen Kordilleren und die inneren Ebenen, die sich dazwischen verteilen. It is broader than the term flora which refers to species composition. of climate on vegetation. [63] According to paleontologist Peter Dodson, this is primarily due to stratigraphy, climate and geography, human resources, and history. ", "Demographic Yearbook—Table 3: Population by sex, rate of population increase, surface area and density", United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, "World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100", Africa, America, Asia, Europe, and Oceania, "Ranking the 7 Continents by Size and Population", "North America Land Forms and Statistics", "Poles of Inaccessibility: A Calculation Algorithm for the Remotest Places on Earth", "Land Bridge Linking Americas Rose Earlier Than Thought", "Digging for Diamonds 24/7 Under Frozen Snap Lake", "3-D Magnetic Imaging using Conjugate Gradients: Temagami anomaly", "Facts and Information about the Continent of North America", "Most archaeologists think the first Americans arrived by boat. With proper planning, preparation, and a touch of resourcefulness, you can construct a shelter that will serve as . Geobotanische Mitteilungen 4: 1-63. [96] As the colonial period unfolded, Spain, England, and France appropriated and claimed extensive territories in North America eastern and southern coastlines. Im Gegensatz zu Europa werden die Vereinigten Staaten nicht durch einen Ost-West-Gebirgszug geteilt. There are also large cities in the Caribbean. Before the Central American isthmus formed, the region had been underwater. Some geographers characterize the area roughly from the southern border of the United States to the northern border of Colombia as Middle America, which differs from Central America because it includes Mexico. The term Anglo-America is used to refer to the anglophone countries of the Americas: namely Canada (where English and French are co-official) and the U.S., but also sometimes Belize and parts of the tropics, especially the Commonwealth Caribbean. 1957. Vegetation [159][160] In 2018, the NAFTA was replaced by the U.S.–Mexico–Canada Agreement. still present in March and entirely gone by late May. [57] The Caribbean islands, or West Indies, are considered part of North America. [75] The specifics of the initial settlement of the Americas by ancient Asians are subject to ongoing research and discussion. No definitive length of the Pan-American Highway exists because the U.S. and Canadian governments have never officially defined any specific routes as being part of the Pan-American Highway, and Mexico officially has many branches connecting to the U.S. border. Valleys are also suitable for the production of coffee, beans, and other crops. Spain established permanent settlements on the Caribbean islands of Hispaniola and Cuba in the 1490s, building cities, putting the resident indigenous populations to work, raising crops for Spanish settlers and panning gold to enrich the Spaniards. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Mexico and Central America are part of Latin America and are culturally distinct from anglophone and francophone North America. major source of winter produce. [116] The U.S. hosts the largest Muslim population in North America with 2.7 million or 0.9%,[117][118] while Canada hosts about one million Muslims or 3.2% of the population. [b] It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea, and to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean. "[58] Nonetheless, there is a 4.6-meter (15 ft) field stone obelisk in Rugby claiming to mark the center. Cities near the U.S. border, particularly in Mexico, are also experiencing large amounts of growth. Nordamerika ist der nördliche Teil des amerikanischen Doppelkontinentes.Im Norden liegt der Arktische Ozean, im Osten der Atlantik, im Süden die Karibik und im Westen der Pazifik.Nordamerika ist nach Asien und Afrika der drittgrößte Kontinent der Erde und umfasst einschließlich Grönland, der zentralamerikanischen Landbrücke und der Karibik eine Fläche von 24.930.000 km². Weite Teile der Böden werden außerdem mit Flechten und Moosen bedeckt. Christopher Columbus's arrival in 1492 sparked a transatlantic exchange which included migrations of European settlers during the Age of Discovery and the early modern period. [15], Waldseemüller used the Latinized version of Vespucci's name (Americus Vespucius), but in its feminine form "America", following the examples of "Europa", "Asia" and "Africa". Through July, year-to-date precipitation in Boise City, in the heart of Cimarron County, was only about 4.8 inches, barely half of average and drier than some years in the 1930s, the height of the Dust Bowl. Notable plants that were domesticated in North America include tobacco, maize, squash, tomato, sunflower, blueberry, avocado, cotton, chile pepper Canada's Francophone heritage has been enshrined in law since the British parliament passed the Quebec Act of 1774. Spain then established permanent cities in Mexico, Central America, and Spanish South America in the sixteenth century. [122] Other religious groups in the region are Hinduism, Islam, Rastafari (in Jamaica), and Afro-American religions such as Santería and Vodou. Climate in coastal California is described to be Mediterranean, with average temperatures in cities like San Francisco ranging from 57 to 70 °F (14 to 21 °C) over the course of the year.[69]. The North American continental pole of inaccessibility is located 1,650 km (1,030 mi) from the nearest coastline, between Allen and Kyle, South Dakota at 43°22′N 101°58′W / 43.36°N 101.97°W / 43.36; -101.97 (Pole of Inaccessibility North America).[59]. Its three main groups are Whites, Mestizos and Blacks. As of 2000, CARICOM trade volume was US$96 billion. The Catholic Church remained an important institution, so that even after political independence, Roman Catholicism remained the dominant religion. Anglo-America includes most of Northern America, Belize, and Caribbean islands with English-speaking populations (though sub-national entities, such as Louisiana and Quebec, have large Francophone populations; in Quebec, French is the sole official language[25]). In the limited context of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the term covers Canada, the United States, and Mexico, which are the three signatories of that treaty. Über die Gliederung der Vegetation von Nordamerika. [133], Eight of the top ten metropolitan areas are located in the U.S. [50] The continental coastline is long and irregular. [131], While the U.S., Canada, and Mexico maintain the largest populations, large city populations are not restricted to those nations. The Thirteen Colonies on the North Atlantic coast declared independence in 1776, fighting a protracted war of independence with the aid of Britain's enemies France and Spain, becoming the United States of America. Laurentia is an ancient craton which forms the geologic core of North America; it formed between 1.5 and 1.0 billion years ago during the Proterozoic eon. EVI observations can help determine how human- and climate-induced changes are affecting vegetation in the U.S. and around the world. Vegetation indices are important tools in the monitoring, mapping, and resource management of the Earth's terrestrial vegetation. Met Opera 2016/17: Roméo et Juliette (Gounod) - ASTOR Filmtheater Braunschweig. [2] It is a general term, without specific reference to particular taxa, life forms, structure, spatial extent, or any other specific botanical or geographic characteristics. The researchers deduced that fires in North America have an . Anglophone education in Quebec has been increasingly undermined.[164]. The highest peak is Denali in Alaska. During the so-called Age of Discovery, Europeans explored overseas and staked claims to various parts of North America, much of which was already settled by indigenous peoples. [135] Canada also breaks into the top ten largest metropolitan areas with the Toronto metropolitan area having six million people. [83] Later groups include the Mississippian culture and related Mound building cultures, found in the Mississippi river valley and the Pueblo culture of what is now the Four Corners. The more southern cultural groups of North America were responsible for the domestication of many common crops now used around the world, such as tomatoes, squash, and maize. Founding co-compiler Philip Hoehn (1996-2009). Updates? Stretching from the borders of the humid continental and subtropical climates, and going west to the Sierra Nevada, south to the southern tip of Durango, north to the border with tundra climate, the steppe/desert climates are the driest in the United States. In 1976 Guatemala was hit by a major earthquake, killing 23,000 people; Managua, the capital of Nicaragua, was devastated by earthquakes in 1931 and 1972, the last one killing about 5,000 people; three earthquakes devastated El Salvador, one in 1986 and two in 2001; one earthquake devastated northern and central Costa Rica in 2009, killing at least 34 people; in Honduras a powerful earthquake killed seven people in 2009. The southernmost portion of the continent and much of the West Indies lie on the Caribbean Plate, whereas the Juan de Fuca and Cocos plates border the North American Plate on its western frontier. Several linguistic groups died out, and others changed quite quickly. This article treats the physical and human geography of North America. The first Spanish settlements were attempted in Alta California during that period. The Mayans developed a writing system, built huge pyramids and temples, had a complex calendar, and developed the concept of zero around 400 CE. North America's continents, historical maps, North America spoken languages, physical map and satellite images. Economically, Canada and the U.S. are the wealthiest and most developed nations in the continent, followed by Mexico, a newly industrialized country. observations can help determine how human- and climate-induced changes are affecting vegetation in the U.S. and around the world. These are Central America and the Caribbean. tion ˌve-jə-ˈtā-shən Synonyms of vegetation 1 : plant life or total plant cover (as of an area) 2 : the act or process of vegetating 3 : inert existence 4 : an abnormal growth upon a body part fibrin vegetations on the mitral valve vegetational ˌve-jə-ˈtā-shnəl -shə-nᵊl adjective Synonyms flora foliage green greenery herbage This tundra radiates throughout Canada, but its border ends near the Rocky Mountains (but still contains Alaska) and at the end of the Canadian Shield, near the Great Lakes. [About the structure of the vegetation of North America] (Shared for non-commercial . In between these two mountain belts are the generally flat regions of the Great Plains in the west and the Central Lowlands in the east. For detailed information about the EVI data product, visit http://gaea.fcr.arizona.edu/projects/modis/. [33][34] Although the term does not refer to a unified region,[35] Middle America—not to be confused with the Midwestern U.S.—groups the regions of Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean.[36]. However, Bermuda is often thought of as part of North America, especially given its historical, political and cultural ties to Virginia and other parts of the continent. Sydamerika är en världsdel som utgör den södra delen av den amerikanska dubbelkontinenten, [ 6] med Stilla havet i väster, Atlanten i öster, Antarktis i söder och Karibiska havet i norr. The English sport of cricket is popular in parts of anglophone Canada and very popular in parts of the former British empire, but in Canada is considered a minor sport. Throughout the Shield, there are many mining towns extracting these minerals. Canada, Mexico and the U.S. submitted a joint bid to host the 2026 FIFA World Cup. The U.S. has no official language, but its national language is English. These include cultural, economic, and geographic regions. [72] Highland climates cut from north to south of the continent, where subtropical or temperate climates occur just below the tropics, as in central Mexico and Guatemala. Greenland, a self-governing Danish island, and the world's largest, is on the same tectonic plate (the North American Plate) and is part of North America geographically. Author of numerous articles on physical geography. After decades of work the Panama Canal was completed, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans in 1913. [134] Whilst the majority of the largest metropolitan areas are within the U.S., Mexico is host to the largest metropolitan area by population in North America: Greater Mexico City. Skrevet af: Arne Strid Senest ændret: 4. november 2009 , se alle ændringer The second largest country is Mexico with a population of 112.3 million. Starting at the southern border of the humid continental climate and stretching to the Gulf of Mexico (whilst encompassing the eastern half of Texas) is the humid subtropical climate. Mexico, with its long plateaus and cordilleras, falls largely in the western region, although the eastern coastal plain does extend south along the Gulf. Much of the indigenous population died due to disease and overwork, spurring the Spaniards on to claim new lands and peoples. The United Nations formally recognizes "North America" as comprising three areas: Northern America, Central America, and the Caribbean. When Pangaea began to rift around 200 mya, North America became part of Laurasia, before it separated from Eurasia as its own continent during the mid-Cretaceous period. France took the western half of Hispaniola and developed Saint-Domingue as a cane sugar producing colony worked by black slave labor. Therefore, Greenland shares some cultural ties with the indigenous peoples of Canada. These are the Arizona Sun Corridor, Cascadia, Florida, Front Range, Great Lakes Megalopolis, Gulf Coast, Northeast, Northern California, Piedmont Atlantic, Southern California, and the Texas Triangle. Ihre ursprüngliche Beschaffenheit ist nur noch in vom Menschen ungenutzten Regionen erkennbar. border and Mexico–U.S. The distinctiveness of French language and culture has been codified in Canadian law, so that both English and French are designated official languages. North America’s first inhabitants are believed to have been ancient Asiatic peoples who migrated from Siberia to North America sometime during the last glacial advance, known as the Wisconsin Glacial Stage, the most recent major division of the Pleistocene Epoch (about 2.6 million to 11,700 years ago). North America, third largest of the world’s continents, lying for the most part between the Arctic Circle and the Tropic of Cancer. Owing to Europe's colonization of the Americas, most North Americans speak European languages such as English, Spanish or French, and their cultures commonly reflect Western traditions. There are numerous islands off the continent's coasts; principally, the Arctic Archipelago, the Bahamas, Turks & Caicos, the Greater and Lesser Antilles, the Aleutian Islands (some of which are in the Eastern Hemisphere proper), the Alexander Archipelago, the many thousand islands of the British Columbia Coast, and Newfoundland. Other French-speaking locales include the Province of Ontario (the official language is English, but there are an estimated 600,000 Franco-Ontarians), the Province of Manitoba (co-official as de jure with English), the French West Indies and Saint-Pierre et Miquelon, as well as the U.S. state of Louisiana, where French is also an official language. The USGS further states that "No marked or monumented point has been established by any government agency as the geographic center of either the 50 states, the conterminous United States, or the North American continent. The classic stage spans roughly the 6th to 13th centuries. The southern part of the North American continent is composed of two regions. Användning [ redigera | redigera wikitext] Geopolitiskt refererar "Norra Amerika" ofta till Kanada och USA tillsammans med Grönland och Bermuda, medan Centralamerika, inklusive Mexiko, utgör det nordamerikanska fastlandet söder om USA.
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